Limited-Edition Print Glossary

Use this glossary to read catalogue descriptions and print markings. Terminology can vary by publisher and period, so object-specific documentation remains important.

Edition and proof terms

Edition: The authorized group of impressions or multiples.
Impression: One example printed from a matrix.
AP / EA: Artistâ€™s proof / Ã©preuve dâ€™artiste, generally outside the numbered edition.
PP: Printerâ€™s proof.
HC: Hors commerce, outside normal commerce.
BAT: Bon Ã tirer, the approved standard for printing an edition.
State: A version produced after a material change to the matrix.
Remarque: A small additional image or mark, historically in a margin and sometimes used for a special edition.

Printmaking terms

Matrix: The plate, block, stone, screen or other surface from which an image is printed.
Intaglio: Methods in which recessed areas hold ink, including etching, engraving and drypoint.
Lithograph: A print made using the interaction of grease and water on a prepared surface.
Screenprint / serigraph: Ink is pushed through open areas of a stencil on a screen.
Relief print: Raised areas carry ink, as in woodcut and linocut.
GiclÃ©e: A marketing term commonly used for high-quality inkjet printing.

Object and condition terms

Blind stamp: An embossed, inkless mark often associated with a publisher, workshop or paper.
Plate mark: An indentation around many intaglio images caused by plate and press pressure.
Recto / verso: The front / back of a sheet.
Foxing: Scattered brownish spots associated with paper deterioration and environmental history.
Mat burn: Discoloration where an unsuitable mat contacted or affected the sheet.
Provenance: The documented history of ownership and transfer.

Use terms as clues, not conclusions

A sellerâ€™s terminology may be incomplete or incorrect. Match the description to the physical object and reliable documentation before drawing conclusions about authenticity, edition or value.